The LTEOIL non-equilibrium plasma process for treating natural gas is one of the first known processes to produce high-purity carbon nanosheets at scale from an inexpensive, ubiquitous feedstock (natural gas) and renewable power, with negligible emissions. LTEOIL carbon nanosheets have high surface area and a structure similar to graphene, with high electrical conductance. These nanosheets are suitable for current and emerging applications in batteries and semiconductors; nanosheets for these applications are of high value and in significant demand.